Clinical and specular microscopic manifestations of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between the clinical pictures and the specular microscopic findings in patients with iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. METHODS The records of 15 patients with ICE syndrome who presented at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 1993 and 1996 were examined. The medical history, clinical pictures of the cornea, iris and anterior chamber angle, intraocular pressure, specular microscopic findings, and the correlation between clinical and specular microscopic findings were assessed. RESULTS Endothelial changes in specular micrographs were found in all the patients, even in those patients with minimal angle involvement by peripheral anterior synechiae. Corneal decompensation resulting in corneal edema and bullae formation was the main cause of visual impairment. Neither ICE grading nor endothelial cell density correlated with corneal edema or intraocular pressure, but they correlated with the angle involvement in ICE syndrome. The intraocular pressure was difficult to control in 8 of these patients, even after treatment with anti-glaucoma agents and trabeculectomy, especially in the patients with Cogan-Reese syndrome. CONCLUSION Although specular microscopy provides an invaluable method for the diagnosis of ICE syndrome, it is not a reliable tool for predicting prognosis. Close follow-up of intraocular pressure and early detection of glaucoma are important steps to preserve visual functions in patients with ICE syndrome.